Atacama Desert=Why Not Transfer Water from Pacific Ocean to the Atacama Desert?

You have an interesting idea. However, consider the alternative viewpoint of environmental ethics, exemplified in Rod Nash's book "The Rights of Nature." Once a rather radical concept, preserving the inherent rights of nature has become inculcated into more mainstream philosophy along the likes of Endangered Species Act and National Parks. The Atacama is the driest place on Earth for a reason, and the native flora and fauna have spent centuries adapting to just such an environment. Short-term gains may be found by making the desert bloom, but the long-term consequences may be grave if not carried out responsibly. I also suggest reading up on the case history of the Devil's Hole Pupfish as a current example of exactly that - watering the desert at the cost of the endemic species that call the desert home. Only recently has BLM and Bureau of Rec changed their philosophy, restored the Devil's Hole, and created a tourist attraction not to see a false "Disneyland", but the real deal, the strange and exotic endemic species.